DISCLAIMER
I am not an aerospace engineer. This is just a fun project. Solid fuel is highly flammable, so use protection and be VERY careful while making it. This project is based on my experience, and I don't guarantee your success. I don't know about the rocket ability of carrying a payload or other cargo.
Main part
Introduction
Making a working and cheap rocket is fun and easy. While building it, you can understand the basics of rocketry.
Materials
You need just a few things:
1. Cardboard [cardboard image]
2. Aluminum foil [foil image]
3. Hard cardboard tubes [tube image]
4. Toilet paper cardboard tubes [tube2 image]
5. Hot glue (or super glue)
Assemble
1st step:
Grab a hard tube and draw 3-8 horizontal lines. These are the places where you will glue the fins
2nd step:
Cut out the cardboard sheet 3-8 fins and glue them to the tube on the lines you drew. Also, make the cone and glue it to the top.
3rd step:
Out of cardboard tubes make a nozzle. I advise you to make diameter at least 2 cm. Cover the inside of your nozzle with foil. Out of the remaining tubes, make some kind of fuel tank and cover its inside with foil.
4th step:
Make a donut out of the cardboard sheet. Its diameter must be as big as your hard tube diameter with a hole as big as your nozzle diameter.
5th step:
Now you should have: 3-8 fins glued to the hard tube, aerodynamic cone, nozzle, nozzle cup (donut), and "fuel tank." Assemble the rocket and let it dry for a couple of days.
Solid fuel
This part was brazenly stolen from this website
1
Grab a pair of gloves and some protective eyewear. Making your own rocket fuel is a fun DIY science project you can do at home. However, you’ll be working with potentially volatile chemicals, so it’s important to take some basic safety precautions. These items will keep you from coming into direct contact with hazardous substances.
• Elbow-length pair of laboratory or dishwashing gloves is preferable, but a pair of disposable latex gloves will also work just fine.
• Clear goggles, like the kind worn in chemistry labs, are ideal, as they provide full coverage without hindering your vision.
2
Mix the potassium nitrate and sugar together in a separate container. Add 58 grams (2.0 oz) of potassium nitrate and 29 grams (1.0 oz) of sugar to the container, then shake it vigorously until they’re evenly distributed. In order for your rocket fuel to burn properly, it’s important that your dry ingredients be well-sifted.
• Use a kitchen scale to portion out your ingredients to make sure you have exactly the right amount of each.
• It’s recommended that you do your mixing in a disposable drinking cup. That way, you can simply throw it away once you’ve completed your experiment. If you use a measuring cup or similar container instead, be sure to wash it thoroughly before reusing it.
3
Transfer the potassium nitrate and sugar to a saucepan. This is where you'll actually be cooking the various ingredients down into usable fuel. When combined, they'll produce a malleable sugar-based substance that will burn intensely for a short period of time.
• Sugar-based model rocket fuels are sometimes known as "R-Candy." They work by feeding a steady supply of oxygen to the burning sugar via an oxidizer (in this case, potassium nitrate) to create a powerful, sustained form of combustion.
4
Add the Karo syrup and water to the saucepan. After shaking the blended potassium nitrate and sugar into the saucepan, drizzle in 13 milliliters (0.055 c) of Karo syrup. Pour in 80 milliliters (0.34 c) of water last, then stir all of the ingredients together thoroughly. The added moisture will help dissolve the sugar, which will act as a binder for solid fuel.
• You may need to use a spatula or similar utensil to scrape the last of the Karo syrup out of its measuring container.
5
Heat the ingredients on an electric cooktop for 5 minutes. Turn on the stove or burner to medium heat and bring the mixture to a simmer. As it warms up, it will gradually begin to thicken into a gritty paste.
• If possible, set up a portable burner outside far away from any other flammable substances.
• Never heat rocket fuel on a gas cooktop or over an open flame! Combustible chemicals plus fire can make for a disastrous combination.[6]
6
Stir the fuel mixture constantly as it thickens. This will prevent it from sticking to the saucepan. You’ll know it’s ready when it takes on a color and consistency similar to peanut butter or wet sand. Once the reaches this stage, it may help to fold it over on itself rather than attempting to stir it like normal.
• Be careful not to stir the mixture too fast, or you could accidentally send it sloshing out of the saucepan.
• Your rocket fuel may also come out a slightly lighter hue, depending on whether or not the heat causes the sugar to caramelize.
1
Transfer the solidified rocket fuel to a clean, flat surface. Use a spatula or wooden spoon to scrape the mixture out of the saucepan and onto a nonstick baking sheet, disposable pie pan, or similar surface. From here, you’ll use either your hands or an appropriately-shaped container to mold the rocket fuel into a usable form.
• The mixture will be extremely hot when it first comes off of the burner, so avoid touching it until it’s had a chance to cool to a safe temperature.
• Make sure your new surface is completely free of debris. Any other particles your rocket fuel picks up may interfere with its ability to burn.
2
Shape the rocket fuel to the desired shape with gloved hands. While the mixture is still slightly warm, pull it apart and squeeze, pat, or roll it into multiple pieces. You might make small balls, flattened cakes, or “snakes,” depending on the exact size and design of your model rockets. Be sure to leave your gloves on while handling the fuel.
• If you allow the rocket fuel to cool too much, it may begin to crumble or fail to hold its shape.
• Be sure to gather up any small pieces that happen to come loose and knead them back into the bulk of the mixture. These pieces will be highly flammable.
3
Add the mixture directly into one of your rockets to ensure that it will fit. Another option you have is to press the warm fuel directly to the back of one of your model rockets. You should only do this if you plan on launching the rocket right away. However, as the fuel will grow less combustible, the longer it stays exposed to the air.
• Loading up your fuel as soon as it's finished cooking can also be a convenient solution if it’s gotten too crumbly to shape by hand.
• Once you’ve loaded, pack it down firmly using the end of a wooden dowel or a similar tool. Trapped air bubbles in the fuel could cause the rocket to explode when lit.
4
Store your molded rocket fuel in an airtight plastic container. If possible, choose a container with a locking lid, as one of these will provide the safest storage conditions. Double-check that the container is completely sealed before putting it away.
• If you don’t have a suitable container handy, place the molded fuel to a large plastic zipper bag. Make sure you squeeze all the air out of the bag prior to sealing it.
• Never put your rocket fuel in a glass container. If an accidental ignition were to occur, it could send shards of glass flying in every direction.
• As long as it's kept away from air and moisture, your homemade fuel should stay combustible more or less indefinitely.
5
Keep your rocket fuel stored at room temperature or cooler. Stash the sealed fuel container on a shelf or countertop away from any external heat sources. This is a critical safety precaution, as lower temperatures will help prevent the fuel from igniting accidentally.
• You could also store your rocket fuel in the refrigerator to make absolutely sure that it doesn't catch. Just be sure to label your container if you go this route so you won't mistake its contents for food.
The end
It is a cool science experiment, but be careful. Hope you will have a memorable day.
I'd like to hear some info from professionals
I am not an aerospace engineer. This is just a fun project. Solid fuel is highly flammable, so use protection and be VERY careful while making it. This project is based on my experience, and I don't guarantee your success. I don't know about the rocket ability of carrying a payload or other cargo.
Main part
Introduction
Making a working and cheap rocket is fun and easy. While building it, you can understand the basics of rocketry.
Materials
You need just a few things:
1. Cardboard [cardboard image]
2. Aluminum foil [foil image]
3. Hard cardboard tubes [tube image]
4. Toilet paper cardboard tubes [tube2 image]
5. Hot glue (or super glue)
Assemble
1st step:
Grab a hard tube and draw 3-8 horizontal lines. These are the places where you will glue the fins
2nd step:
Cut out the cardboard sheet 3-8 fins and glue them to the tube on the lines you drew. Also, make the cone and glue it to the top.
3rd step:
Out of cardboard tubes make a nozzle. I advise you to make diameter at least 2 cm. Cover the inside of your nozzle with foil. Out of the remaining tubes, make some kind of fuel tank and cover its inside with foil.
4th step:
Make a donut out of the cardboard sheet. Its diameter must be as big as your hard tube diameter with a hole as big as your nozzle diameter.
5th step:
Now you should have: 3-8 fins glued to the hard tube, aerodynamic cone, nozzle, nozzle cup (donut), and "fuel tank." Assemble the rocket and let it dry for a couple of days.
Solid fuel
This part was brazenly stolen from this website
1
Grab a pair of gloves and some protective eyewear. Making your own rocket fuel is a fun DIY science project you can do at home. However, you’ll be working with potentially volatile chemicals, so it’s important to take some basic safety precautions. These items will keep you from coming into direct contact with hazardous substances.
• Elbow-length pair of laboratory or dishwashing gloves is preferable, but a pair of disposable latex gloves will also work just fine.
• Clear goggles, like the kind worn in chemistry labs, are ideal, as they provide full coverage without hindering your vision.
2
Mix the potassium nitrate and sugar together in a separate container. Add 58 grams (2.0 oz) of potassium nitrate and 29 grams (1.0 oz) of sugar to the container, then shake it vigorously until they’re evenly distributed. In order for your rocket fuel to burn properly, it’s important that your dry ingredients be well-sifted.
• Use a kitchen scale to portion out your ingredients to make sure you have exactly the right amount of each.
• It’s recommended that you do your mixing in a disposable drinking cup. That way, you can simply throw it away once you’ve completed your experiment. If you use a measuring cup or similar container instead, be sure to wash it thoroughly before reusing it.
3
Transfer the potassium nitrate and sugar to a saucepan. This is where you'll actually be cooking the various ingredients down into usable fuel. When combined, they'll produce a malleable sugar-based substance that will burn intensely for a short period of time.
• Sugar-based model rocket fuels are sometimes known as "R-Candy." They work by feeding a steady supply of oxygen to the burning sugar via an oxidizer (in this case, potassium nitrate) to create a powerful, sustained form of combustion.
4
Add the Karo syrup and water to the saucepan. After shaking the blended potassium nitrate and sugar into the saucepan, drizzle in 13 milliliters (0.055 c) of Karo syrup. Pour in 80 milliliters (0.34 c) of water last, then stir all of the ingredients together thoroughly. The added moisture will help dissolve the sugar, which will act as a binder for solid fuel.
• You may need to use a spatula or similar utensil to scrape the last of the Karo syrup out of its measuring container.
5
Heat the ingredients on an electric cooktop for 5 minutes. Turn on the stove or burner to medium heat and bring the mixture to a simmer. As it warms up, it will gradually begin to thicken into a gritty paste.
• If possible, set up a portable burner outside far away from any other flammable substances.
• Never heat rocket fuel on a gas cooktop or over an open flame! Combustible chemicals plus fire can make for a disastrous combination.[6]
6
Stir the fuel mixture constantly as it thickens. This will prevent it from sticking to the saucepan. You’ll know it’s ready when it takes on a color and consistency similar to peanut butter or wet sand. Once the reaches this stage, it may help to fold it over on itself rather than attempting to stir it like normal.
• Be careful not to stir the mixture too fast, or you could accidentally send it sloshing out of the saucepan.
• Your rocket fuel may also come out a slightly lighter hue, depending on whether or not the heat causes the sugar to caramelize.
1
Transfer the solidified rocket fuel to a clean, flat surface. Use a spatula or wooden spoon to scrape the mixture out of the saucepan and onto a nonstick baking sheet, disposable pie pan, or similar surface. From here, you’ll use either your hands or an appropriately-shaped container to mold the rocket fuel into a usable form.
• The mixture will be extremely hot when it first comes off of the burner, so avoid touching it until it’s had a chance to cool to a safe temperature.
• Make sure your new surface is completely free of debris. Any other particles your rocket fuel picks up may interfere with its ability to burn.
2
Shape the rocket fuel to the desired shape with gloved hands. While the mixture is still slightly warm, pull it apart and squeeze, pat, or roll it into multiple pieces. You might make small balls, flattened cakes, or “snakes,” depending on the exact size and design of your model rockets. Be sure to leave your gloves on while handling the fuel.
• If you allow the rocket fuel to cool too much, it may begin to crumble or fail to hold its shape.
• Be sure to gather up any small pieces that happen to come loose and knead them back into the bulk of the mixture. These pieces will be highly flammable.
3
Add the mixture directly into one of your rockets to ensure that it will fit. Another option you have is to press the warm fuel directly to the back of one of your model rockets. You should only do this if you plan on launching the rocket right away. However, as the fuel will grow less combustible, the longer it stays exposed to the air.
• Loading up your fuel as soon as it's finished cooking can also be a convenient solution if it’s gotten too crumbly to shape by hand.
• Once you’ve loaded, pack it down firmly using the end of a wooden dowel or a similar tool. Trapped air bubbles in the fuel could cause the rocket to explode when lit.
4
Store your molded rocket fuel in an airtight plastic container. If possible, choose a container with a locking lid, as one of these will provide the safest storage conditions. Double-check that the container is completely sealed before putting it away.
• If you don’t have a suitable container handy, place the molded fuel to a large plastic zipper bag. Make sure you squeeze all the air out of the bag prior to sealing it.
• Never put your rocket fuel in a glass container. If an accidental ignition were to occur, it could send shards of glass flying in every direction.
• As long as it's kept away from air and moisture, your homemade fuel should stay combustible more or less indefinitely.
5
Keep your rocket fuel stored at room temperature or cooler. Stash the sealed fuel container on a shelf or countertop away from any external heat sources. This is a critical safety precaution, as lower temperatures will help prevent the fuel from igniting accidentally.
• You could also store your rocket fuel in the refrigerator to make absolutely sure that it doesn't catch. Just be sure to label your container if you go this route so you won't mistake its contents for food.
The end
It is a cool science experiment, but be careful. Hope you will have a memorable day.
I'd like to hear some info from professionals
