I looked at another submission and moon mentioned the shuttle needs to be able to carry 10% of the fully fueled stack's mass to orbit. Personally I think that's a big ask especially seeing as the real life space shuttle stack weighed 4.5 million pounds at lift off and the shuttle could only put 50,000 pounds into orbit.
That would be 1% of starting weight.
At Realistic level of difficulty in SFS game, depending at payload size and shape, it can be brought 5%-7% of total launcher mass to orbit.
But if Realistic level is made as substitute for Normal level, as a variation of custom game world (instead of normal custom game world) - then it will be Realistic without all intended bonuses for Realistic, which game applies, when you do pick Realistic level.
Playing at Realistic without such bonuses only 0.5%-1% of starting launcher mass can be brought to Earth's orbit in SFS.
That all above only if ion engines are not used of course.
But if you are making a challenge in Normal game difficulty - then huge amount of starting launcher's mass can be brought to Earth's orbit. Like maybe 25% or at least 20% of starting mass. I didn't test Normal level to find out more exact values. But something like between 20% and 30% as i remember.